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Eryr Pengwern

2014-02-18T15:19:04Z

Jargogle: bracket correction

'''Eryr Pengwern''' is the name given to stanzas 40-44 of '''Canu Heledd''', a saga from the ninth century.

The text is from ''Canu Llywarch Hen'', ed. Ifor Williams (Caedydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1945), 38. The translation is from ''Welsh Poems: Sixth Century to 1600'', tr. Gwyn Williams (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1974), 21.

==Text==

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y atle[i]s,

:Eidic am gic [a gereis].

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y euan.

:Eidic am gic Kynndylan.

Eryr Penngwern pengarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y adaf.

:Eidic am gic a garaf.

Eryr Penngwern, pell galwawt heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwyla[w]t.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref difawt.

Eryr Penngwern, pell gelwit heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwelit.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref lethrit.

==Translation==

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its shriek is high,

::eager for flesh I loved.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its call is high,

:eager for Cynddylan's flesh.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its claw is high,

:eager for flesh I love.

Eagle of Pengwern, it called far tonight,

::it kept watch on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a luckless town.

Eagle of Pengwern, it calls far tonight,

::it feasts on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a shining town.

Charm against rats

2012-05-29T16:51:23Z

Jargogle: correcting Furnivall

'I comawnde alle þe ratones þat are here abowte' is a charm from Bodleian MS Rawlinson C. 288, f. 113, in what Sisam describes as "15th-century writing, blurred". The text is from ''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose'', ed. Kenneth Sisam (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955, repr. 1962), 170; an earlier printed version appears in ''Political, Religious, and Love Poems'' edited by F. J Furnivall (Early English Text Society, 1866, repr. 1903), 43.

==Text==

I comawnde alle þe ratones þat are here abowte,

þat non dwelle in þis place, withinne ne withowte,

Thorgh þe vertu of Iesu Crist, þat Mary bare abowte

þat alle creatures owyn for to lowte,

And thorgh þe vertu of Mark, Mathew, Luke, and Ion, -

Alle foure Awangelys corden corden into on, -

Thorgh þe vertu of Sent Geretrude, þat mayde clene,

:: God graunte þat grace

:: þat <non> raton dwelle in þe place

þat here namis were nemeled in;

And thorgh þe vertu of Sent Kasi.

þat holy man, þat prayed to God Almyty

:: For skathes þat þei deden

:: Hys medyn

Be dayes and be nyȝt,

God bad hem flen and gon out of euery manesse syȝt.

''Dominus Deus Saboat!'' Emanuel, þe gret Godes name!

I betweche þes place from ratones and from alle oþer schame.

God saue þis place fro all oþer wykked wytes,

Boþe be dayes and be nytes! ''et in nomine Patris et Filii,'' &c.

==Notes==
skathes] t ''altered'' from f (?) in the MS [Sisam]

St. Gertrude of Nivelles, like St. Kakukilla, was invoked against rats.

St Kasi; does not appear elsewhere in Middle English texts; since St. Nicasius of Rheims is invokeds against rats and mice elsewhere in Europe, this saint has been suggested. See Bruce Dickens and R. M. Wilson, 'Sent Kasi', ''Leeds Studies in English and Kindred Languages'' 6 (1937): 67-73.

Petition of the Gray Horse, Auld Dunbar

2012-05-23T21:23:56Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'''The Petition of the Gray Horse, Auld Dunbar''' is an eleven 6-line stanza poem, with a 2 line refrain, by William Dunbar. Dunbar's persona complains in the petition to "be an ..."

'''The Petition of the Gray Horse, Auld Dunbar''' is an eleven 6-line stanza poem, with a 2 line refrain, by William Dunbar. Dunbar's persona complains in the petition to "be an Yowllis yald", a holiday horse put out to pasture. The expression appears to have meant someone not dressed for the occasion; Dunbar plays with the literal meaning. The response by the king - criticism is uncertain whether it was James IV's response, or rather, a further joke by Dunbar - is to dress him "lyk ane bischopis muille", a bishop's mule, who were typically garbed in an expensive fashion.

The text is taken from ''William Dunbar: The Complete Works'', ed. John W. Conlee (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 2004), 109-111.

==Text==

Schir, lat it never in toune be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

Suppois I war ane ald jaid aver,

Schott furth our clewch to squische the clever,

And hed the strenthis of all Strenever,

I wald at Youll be housit and stald:

Schir, lat it never in toune be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

I am ane auld hors, as ye knaw,

That ever in duill dois drug and draw.

Gryt court hors puttis me fra the staw,

To fang the fog be firthe and fald.

Schir, lat it never in toune be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

I heff run lang furth in the field

On pastouris that ar plane and peld.

I mycht be now tein in for eild,

My bekis ar spruning, he and bald.

Schir, lat it never in toune be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

My maine is turned into quhyt,

And thairof ye heff all the wyt.

Quhen uthair hors hed brane to byt,

I gat bot gris, grype giff I wald.

Schir, lat it never in towne be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

I was never dautit into stabell.

My lyff hes bein so miserabell,

My hyd to offer I am abell

For evill schoud strae that I reiv wald.

Schir, lat it never in towne be tald

That I suld be ane Yowllis yald.

And yett, suppois my thrift be thyne,

Gif that I die your aucht within

Lat nevir the soutteris have my skin,

With uglie gumes to be gnawin.

Schir, lat it nevir in toun be tald

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

The court hes done my curage cuill

And maid me ane forriddin muill.

Yett to weir trapperis at the Yuill,

I wald be spurrit at everie spald.

Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tald

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

Now lufferis cummis with larges lowd.

Quhy sould not palfrayis thane be prowd,

Quhen gillettis wil be schomd and schroud

That riddin ar baith with lord and lawd?

Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tald

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

Quhen I was young and into ply

And wald cast gammaldis to the sky,

I had beine bocht in realmes by,

Had I consentit to be sauld.

Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tauld

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

With gentill hors quhen I wald knyp,

Thane is thair laid on me ane quhip.

To colleveris than man I skip

That scabbit ar, hes cruik and cald.

Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tald

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

Thocht in the stall I be not clappit,

As cursouris that in silk beine trappit,

With ane new hous I wald be happit

Aganis this Crysthinmes for the cald.

Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tald

That I sould be ane Yuillis yald.

''Respontio Regis''

Efter our wrettingis, thesaurer,

Tak in this gray hors, auld Dumbar,

Quhilk in my aucht with service trew

In lyart changeit is his hew.

Gar hows him new aganis this Yuill

And busk him lyk ane bischopis muill,

For with my hand I have indost

To pay quhatevir his trappouris cost.

Eryr Pengwern

2012-05-23T19:38:50Z

Jargogle:

'''Eryr Pengwern''' is the name given to stanzas 40-44 of '''Canu Heledd''', a saga from the ninth century.

The text is from ''Canu Llywarch Hen'', ed. Ifor Williams (Caedydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1945), 38. The translation is from ''Welsh Poems: Sixth Century to 1600'', tr. Gwyn Williams (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1974), 21.

==Text==

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y atle[i]s,

:Eidic am gic [a gereis].

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y euan.

:Eidic am gic Kynndylan.

Eryr Penngwern pengarn llwyt [heno[

::Aruchel y adaf.

:Eidic am gic a garaf.

Eryr Penngwern, pell galwawt heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwyla[w]t.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref difawt.

Eryr Penngwern, pell gelwit heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwelit.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref lethrit.

==Translation==

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its shriek is high,

::eager for flesh I loved.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its call is high,

:eager for Cynddylan's flesh.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its claw is high,

:eager for flesh I love.

Eagle of Pengwern, it called far tonight,

::it kept watch on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a luckless town.

Eagle of Pengwern, it calls far tonight,

::it feasts on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a shining town.

Eryr Pengwern

2012-05-23T19:38:10Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'''Eryr Pengwern''' is the name given to stanzas 40-44 of '''Canu Heledd''', a saga from the ninth century. ''Canu Llywarch Hen'', ed. Ifor Williams (Caedydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg P..."

'''Eryr Pengwern''' is the name given to stanzas 40-44 of '''Canu Heledd''', a saga from the ninth century.

''Canu Llywarch Hen'', ed. Ifor Williams (Caedydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1945), 38. The translation is from ''Welsh Poems: Sixth Century to 1600'', tr. Gwyn Williams (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1974), 21.

==Text==

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y atle[i]s,

:Eidic am gic [a gereis].

Eryr Penngwern penngarn llwyt [heno]

::Aruchel y euan.

:Eidic am gic Kynndylan.

Eryr Penngwern pengarn llwyt [heno[

::Aruchel y adaf.

:Eidic am gic a garaf.

Eryr Penngwern, pell galwawt heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwyla[w]t.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref difawt.

Eryr Penngwern, pell gelwit heno

::Ar waet gwyr gwelit.

:Ry gelwir Trenn tref lethrit.

==Translation==

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its shriek is high,

::eager for flesh I loved.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its call is high,

:eager for Cynddylan's flesh.

Eagle of Pengwern, grey-crested, tonight

::its claw is high,

:eager for flesh I love.

Eagle of Pengwern, it called far tonight,

::it kept watch on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a luckless town.

Eagle of Pengwern, it calls far tonight,

::it feasts on men's blood;

:Trenn shall be called a shining town.

Bird

2012-05-23T19:36:18Z

Jargogle:

Type 
*[[Caladrius]]

Texts 
*[[Eryr Pengwern]] (The Eagle of Pengwern)
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Int én bec]], Irish blackbird poem
*[[Y Cyffylog]] (The Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog]] (Conversing with the Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Int én bec

2012-05-23T17:48:17Z

Jargogle: Created page with "Ninth century Irish poem, found in Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, Book of Ballymote, 295.5, and Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, Book of Uí Maine 136v, col. 2 l, 45. ==Text== [From '..."

Ninth century Irish poem, found in Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, Book of Ballymote, 295.5, and Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, Book of Uí Maine 136v, col. 2 l, 45.

==Text==
[From ''Early Irish Lyrics, Eighth to Twelfth Century'', ed. Gerald Murphy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956), 6.]

Int én bec

ro léic feit

do rinn guip

:glanbuidi:

fo-ceird faíd

ós Loch Laíg,

lon do chraíb

:charnbuidi.

==Murphy Translation==

The little bird which has whistled from the end of a bright-yellow bill: it utters a note above Belfast Lough – a blackbird from a yellow-heaped branch. [Murphy, 7]

==Seamus Heaney Translation==

The small bird

chirp-chirruped:

yellow neb,

:a note-spurt.

Blackbird over

Lagan water.

Clumps of yellow

:whin-burst!

[from http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SeamusHeaneyCentreforPoetry/]

Bird

2012-05-23T17:39:27Z

Jargogle:

Type 
*[[Caladrius]]

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Int én bec]], Irish blackbird poem
*[[Y Cyffylog]] (The Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog]] (Conversing with the Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

I have a gentil cok

2012-05-23T16:26:31Z

Jargogle: Added reference

Lyric from MS. London BL Sloane 2593; taken from ''Medieval English Lyrics 1200-1400'', ed. Thomas G. Duncan (Harmonsdworth: Penguin Books, 1995), 168-169.

==Text==

I have a gentil cok,

:crowëth me the day;

He doth me risen erly,

:my matins for to say.

I have a gentil cok,

:comen he is of gret;

His comb is of red corel,

:his tayil is of jet.

I have a gentil cok,

:comen he is of kinde;

His comb is red corel,

:his tayil is of inde.

His leggës ben of asur,

:so gentil and so smale;

His spurës arn of sylver white

:into the wortëwale.

His eyen arn of cristal,

:loken al in aumber;

And every night he perchëth him

:in myn ladies chaumber.

==Criticism==
Baird-Lange, Lorrayne Y. 'Symbolic Ambivalence in "I haue a gentil cock', ''Fifteenth-Century Studies'' 11 (1985): 1-5

Bird

2012-05-23T10:02:33Z

Jargogle: added Caladrius

Type 
*[[Caladrius]]

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Y Cyffylog]] (The Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog]] (Conversing with the Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Caladrius

2012-05-23T10:01:39Z

Jargogle: Created page with "A pure white bird who was deemed able to determine, by turning its head, whether a man would recover from mortal sickness. From the Aberdeen Bestiary (Aberdeen University Library..."

A pure white bird who was deemed able to determine, by turning its head, whether a man would recover from mortal sickness. From the Aberdeen Bestiary (Aberdeen University Library MS 24), c. 1200:

''Caladrius sicut dicit Phisiologus totus est albus nullam partem habens nigram. Cuius interior fimus oculorum caliginem curat. Hic in atriis regum invenitur. Siquis est in egritudine ex hoc caladrio cognoscitur, si vivat an moriatur. Si ergo est infirmitas hominis ad mortem, mox ut vi derit infirmum avertit faciem suam ab eo et omnes cognoscunt quia moriturus est. Si autem infirmitas eius pertinuerit ad vitam, intendit in faciem et assumit omnem egritudinem hominis intra se, et volat in aera contra solem, et comburit infirmitatem eius et dispergit eam, et sanatur infirmus.''(The bird called caladrius, as Physiologus tells us, is white all over; it has no black parts. Its excrement cures cataract in the eyes. It is to be found in royal residences. If anyone is sick, he will learn from the caladrius if he is to live or die. If, therefore, a man’s illness is fatal, the caladrius will turn its head away from the sick man as soon as it sees him, and everyone knows the man is going to die. But if the man’s sickness is one from which he will recover, the bird looks him in the face and takes the entire illness upon itself; it flies up into the air, towards the sun, burns off the sickness and scatters it, and the sick man is cured)

The same entry provides an elucidation:

''Caladrius habet personam salvatoris nostri. Totus est candidus dominus noster nullam habens nigredinem, qui peccatum non fecit nec inventus est dolus in ore eius. Veniens autem dominus de excelsis avertit faciem suam a Judeis propter incredulitatem illorum, et convertit se ad nos gentes tollens infirmitates nostras, et peccata nostra portans, exaltatus in lignum crucis et ascendens in altum captivam duxit captivitatem dedit dona hominibus. Sed et cotidie predictus caladrius infirmitates nostras visitat, mentem per confessionem considerat, et eos sanat, quibus gratiam penitendi prestat. Ab illis vero faciem avertit, quorum cor impenitens novit. Istos respuit, sed illos in quos faciem intendit, sanos reddit.'' (The caladrius represents our Saviour. Our Lord is pure white without a trace of black, ‘who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth’. The Lord, moreover, coming from on high, turned his face from the Jews, because they did not believe, and turned to us, Gentiles, taking away our weakness and carrying our sins; raised up on the wood of the cross and ascending on high, ‘he led captivity captive and gave gifts unto men’. Each day Christ, like the caladrius, attends us in our sickness, examines our mind when we confess, and heals those to whom he shows the grace of repentance. But he turns his face away from those whose heart he knows to be unrepentant. These he casts off; but those whom he turns his face, he makes whole again.)

For a discussion of other entries in English bestiaries, and the theme of anti-Semitism, see Debra Higgs Strickland, 'The Jews, Leviticus, and the Unclean in Medieval English Bestiaries', in ''Beyond the Yellow Badge: Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism in Medieval and Early Modern Visual Culture'', ed. Mitchell B. Merback (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 203-232 (206-209). For the Aberdeen Bestiary, see http://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/translat/56v.hti.

Animalwiki:txt ot t1 r1p2

2012-05-23T10:01:23Z

Jargogle: Replaced content with "Caladrius"

[[Caladrius]]

Y Cyffylog

2012-05-23T09:57:59Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'''Y Cyffylog'' (The Woodcock) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea U..."

'''Y Cyffylog'' (The Woodcock) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea University. Details regarding the manuscripts can be found at the same website.

==Text==
Y Cyffylog

A fu ddim, ddamwain breiddfyw,

Mor elyn i serchddyn syw

Â'r gaeaf, oeraf eiryoed,

Hirddu cas yn hyrddio coed?

Aruthr ei grwydr rhwng dwydref,

Oer o was, tad eiry yw ef.

Ni bu un na bai anawdd

Gantho–ai hawdd cuddio cawdd?–

Mewn eiry ermyn aros,

Y rhyn ôd, a rhew ar nos.

:Haws oedd mewn castell celli

Ar hafnos ei haros hi

Gan glywed digrifed tôn

Y gog las ddigoeg leision.

Annhebig mewn coedwig Mai,

A chyffur oedd o chaffai,

I rodio, tro treigl anûn,

Tan fargod to tŷ f'eurgun.

Perhôn drannoeth, anoethraid,

Ym ei chael, amau o chaid,

I dyddyn gweirdy diddos,

Ofn oedd yng ngaeaf, y nos,

Na ddigonai, chwai chwedlfreg,

Engyn ar y dynyn deg.

:Glân ymddiddan ydd oeddem,

Glud gŵyn, mi a gloywdeg em.

Gwnaeth fraw, frychleidr anghyfrwys,

A dychryn i'm gloywddyn glwys,

Col gylfinferf goferfwyd,

Y cyffylog llidiog llwyd.

Edn brych, dilewych o liw,

O adar gaeaf ydiw.

Modd y gwnaeth, nid maeth fy myd,

Wrth ben bagl wrthban bawglud,

Cychwyn yn braff ei drafferth,

Adain bôl, odd dan y berth

A neitio hyd pan ytoedd

Mewn perth ddu. Nid o'm porth oedd.

Gan faint trwstgrwydr ar lwydrew

Dwy ffilog y taeog tew,

Tygesym ddwyn, ddeugwyn ddig,

Trist oeddem, mae trwst Eiddig,

Golesg frys rhwng llys a llwyn,

Gwylltruthr peisfrych gwahelldrwyn.

Treiddiai yn ffrom wrth domawg,

Trwyddew tail a rhew yrhawg.

Aruthr ei chwedl hocedlaes

A mul ger buarthdail maes.

Ni ŵyr yn llon ar fron fry

Na llais aml na lles ymy,

Na cherddau, medd gwych ordderch,

Drwy nen y llwyn er mwyn merch

Ond arwain, durwaith meinffrom,

Y bêr du a bawr y dom.

:Yr edn brych â'r adain brudd,

Bribiwr a'i fagl, heb rybudd

Y caffo, tro treigl gochfrych,

Bolltod braff, mab alltud brych.

==Translation==
The Woodcock

Was there ever anything, half–dead condition,

so inimical to a merry lover

as long black grim winter shaking the trees,

coldest tryst in the snow?

His path between two towns is terrible,

cold lad, he is the father of snow.

There was never anyone who did not find it hard

(is it easy to hide tribulation?)

to wait in snow for [a girl dressed in] white fur,

this freezing snow, and ice at night.

It was easier to wait for her

in the woodland castle on a summer night

hearing how sweet the tune

of the grey cuckoo with its unassuming tones.

Being in the woods of May

(and that's how one would have it)

is very different to roaming, sleepless wandering,

under the eaves of my bright lady's house.

Should it happen the next day [= after the summer],

by some miracle, that I should get her,

though it's hardly likely, in a snug haybarn,

I'd be afraid that on a winter night

this lad wouldn't be able to satisfy the fair lass,

there'd soon be reproach about inadequacy.

We were having a nice conversation,

me and the gorgeous jewel, lasting regret.

The clumsy speckled thief

gave my lovely bright girl a shock and a fright,

useless spiky beak dripping with food,

the fierce grey woodcock.

Speckled dull–coloured creature,

it's one of the birds of winter.

What it did, it's no friend of my darling,

the filthy cloak on sticks,

was to rush out from under the bush

with a great commotion, battered wings,

and jump around until it reached

another dark bush. It was no help to me at all.

The fat churl's two wings

made such a racket on the frosty ground

that we were convinced, both lamenting bitterly,

we were so annoyed, that the noise was made by the Jealous One,

scurrying pathetically between house and woods,

wild rush of one in a speckled coat with a nose like a spike.

It would stab viciously at a dung heap,

like an auger always in filth and ice.

Its long cunning call is dreadful to hear

and silly by cow pats in field.

It can't make merry chatter up on the hillside,

nor do me any good at all,

nor songs, says the fine sweetheart,

through the treetops for a girl's sake,

but can only wield that thin vicious steel instrument,

a black spike that grazes dung.

That brindled bird with sombre wings,

scoundrel with its snare, may it get

without any warning, tawny wanderer,

a good hard arrow shot, the speckled alien.

Bird

2012-05-23T09:53:10Z

Jargogle: added Y Cyffylog

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Y Cyffylog]] (The Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog]] (Conversing with the Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog

2012-05-23T09:51:36Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'''Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog''' (Conversing with the Woodcock) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the..."

'''Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog''' (Conversing with the Woodcock) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea University. Details regarding the manuscripts can be found at the same website.

==Text==
Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog

'Tydy ehediad tewdwrf,

Taer gyffylog, lidiog lwrf,

Manag, edn mynog adain,

Mae dy chwŷl; mad wyd a chain.'

:'Ffest a glew y mae'n rhewi,

Ffo ydd wyf, myn fy ffydd i,

Ar hynt o'r lle bûm yr haf,

Ar guert rhag eiry gaeaf.

Rhyw gof dig, rhew gaeaf du

A'i luwch ni'm gad i lechu.'

:'Edn, yt hiroedl ni edir,

Ederyn hardd duryn hir.

Dyred, na ddywed ddeuair,

Lle mae a garaf, lliw Mair,

Lle gofrwysg gerllaw gofron,

Lle claer tes, lle clywir ton,

I ochel awel aeaf,

O ras hir, i aros haf.

:'O thry i'th ogylch, iaith ddrud,

Treiglwr, chwibanwr traglud,

Â bollt benfras a bwa,

A'th weled, ŵr, i'th wâl da,

Na chudd er ei lais, na chae

Dy lygad dan dy loywgae.

Eheda, brysia rhag brad

A thwyll ef o'th ddull hoywfad

O-berth-i-berth, drafferth drwch,

O-lwyn-i-lwyn anialwch.

Glân dy dro, o glŷn dy droed

I mewn magl ym min meigoed,

Na fydd, dilonydd dy lam,

Wrth gryngae, groglath gringam.

Tor yn lew i am d'ewin

Â'th dduryn cryf wyth rawn crin;

Trist big, hen goedwig a gâr,

Trwyddau adwyau daear.

:'Disgyn heddiw ger rhiwallt

Is tŷ gwen, ys teg ei gwallt,

A gwybydd, er delw Gybi,

Ger rhiw, a yw gywir hi.

Gŵyl ei thro, gwylia a thrig

Yno, ederyn unig.'

:'Bai reitiaf dy rybuddiaw,

Tydi, fab teg arab: taw!

Rhywyr, mau ofn y rhewynt,

Y gwylir hi, gwael yw'r hynt;

Eres hyd y bu'n oeri,

Aeth arall hoywgall â hi.'

:'Os gwir, edn, mau ehednwyf

Is gil serch, ysgeulus wyf,

Gwir a gant, gwarant gwiwras,

Y rhai gynt am y rhyw gas:

"Pren yng nghoed"—mawroed yw'r mau—

"Arall â bwyall biau."'

==Translation==
Conversing with the Woodcock

'You, bird of loud commotion,

eager woodcock, with an angry way,

tell [me], bird of noble wing,

where are you going; you're good and fair.'

'It's freezing hard and fast,

I'm fleeing, by my faith,

on a journey from where I was in the summer,

to shelter from the winter snow.

Some harsh memory, the ice of black winter

and its snowdrift won't let me stay.'

'Bird, you have not been granted a long life,

fine bird with a long beak.

Come (don't say two words)

to where is the one I love, of the colour of Mary,

a merry place by a gentle slope,

a fine place with warm weather, where a wave is heard,

to shelter from the winter breeze,

by a long blessing, to wait for summer.

'If there comes close to you (bold language)

a wanderer, a very persistent whistler,

with a broad-headed arrow and a bow,

and he sees you, man, in your fine lair,

don't hide because of his voice, don't close

your eye under your clear barring.

Fly, hurry from treachery,

and deceive him in your lively and good way,

from hedge to hedge, unfortunate trouble,

from copse to copse in wasteland.

Fair is your movement, if your foot should stick

in a trap at the edge of small trees,

don't yield, restless your movement,

to a cockshoot (?), bent and withered snare.

Cut strongly from around your claw

with your strong beak eight brittle horsehair twine;

sad beak, he loves old woods,

augur of the earth's breaches.

'Land today by a wooded slope

below the girl's house, fair is her hair,

and find out, by Cybi's image,

by the slope, whether she is faithful.

Watch her movements, watch and wait

there, lonely bird.'

'It's best to warn you,

you, fair talkative lad: be quiet!

It's too late (I fear the icy wind)

to watch her, the doing is poor;

it's strange how long she/it has been getting colder,

another lively and clever man has taken her.'

'If it is true, bird (I have a passion that flies

after love), [that] I am abandoned,

it is true what (warrant of good grace)

they of olden times sang of such bad situations as this:

"A tree in the wood"—I have great longing—

"It's the other man with the axe who owns it."'

Bird

2012-05-23T09:46:22Z

Jargogle:

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Ymddiddan â'r Cyffylog]] (Conversing with the Woodcock) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Y Gog

2012-05-23T09:39:05Z

Jargogle: inserted linebreaks

'''Y Gog''' (The Cuckoo) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea University. Details regarding the manuscripts can be found at the same website.

==Text==
Y Gog

'Dydd da yt, y gog serchogfwyn

Ei llais ar ganghenfrig llwyn,

Cloc y dail, clicied aelaw,

Cloch aberth y drawsberth draw.

P'le buost, edn diwednlais?

Pa wlad bell? Plu yw dy bais.'

:'Bûm ynglŷn megis dyn dall

Bedeiroes mewn byd arall.

Claf fûm a gwan o anun,

Collais fy harddlais fy hun.

Sefyll dan yr irgyll 'rwyd,

Myn Pedr, ni wn pwy ydwyd.'

:'Myfi yw'r bardd digrifair

Mawrserch fryd, myn mawlbryd Mair,

A'th yrrodd, ni'm gwahoddes,

Wtla o'r tir, at eiliw'r tes.'

:'Henwa, ddyn ffraeth hiraethnych,

Henw'r Gymraes walltlaes wych.'

:'Hawdd y medrwn, gwn ganclwyf,

Henwi gwen, dihunog wyf:

Es ac Ef a llythr hefyd,

En ac A, dwg hynny i gyd.'

:'Erchis gwen, eurchwys ei gwallt,

D'annerch dan frig bedwenallt.'

:'Moes arwydd — drwg y'm llwyddwyd,

Madws oedd, ai mudes wyd? —

Y ddyn, llawer annerch a ddwg,

Fain oedd ŵyl, fwynaidd olwg.'

:'Hir y byddwn, gwn gellwair,

Ar frig llwyn yn gorllwyn gair,

Oni ddoeth, byd hagrnoeth hyll,

Od tew a gaeaf tywyll.

Euthum gan oerwynt trumnoeth

Gyda'r dail, gwiw awdur doeth.'

:'Mae'r arwydd o'r mawr arail,

Y gog adeiniog o'r dail?'

:'Cyffylog anserchogfwyn,

Coch westai, addawsai'i ddwyn

Pan oedd — och arwain pìn iâ! —

Du y dom, yn dywod yma.'

:'Pa bryd y doeth, gyw noethfrych?'

:'Gŵyl y Grog i gil y gwrych.'

:'Ynfyd fu â'i anfad fêr,

Ysgeulus edn ysgeler.

Gwn ei ladd, llid ergydnerth,

Gŵr â bollt dan gwr y berth.

Dwg hediad, deg ei hadain,

Dos eilwaith at f'anrhaith fain.

Dwg hi dan frig coedwig cyll,

Disgyn dan ledu d'esgyll.

Lateies, dwg gae Esyllt,

Loywlais wawd, ferch liwlas wyllt.

Dyro, a hed ar fedwlwyn,

Lythr i'r ferch lathrair fwyn.

Dywaid erchi, f'enaid ferch,

Ohonof fi ei hannerch.

Sŵn cloc mewn perth, ni'th werthir,

Swyddoges gwŷdd hafddydd hir.

Anwybod wyd, gog lwydfain,

A neawdr wyd yn y drain.

Hed o fedwen ganghenlas

Ar bren plan garbron y plas.

Mwyn o drebl, myn di rybudd

I'r eurloer deg ar liw'r dydd,

A dwg wen eurwallt bennoeth

Allan i 'mddiddan, em ddoeth.

O berth i berth anferthol

Minnau a ddo' hyd yno'n d'ôl.

Drwy dy nerth di a'r Rhiain,

Dygwn y ferch deg wen fain.'

==Translation==
The Cuckoo

'Good day, cuckoo whose voice is gentle and lovely

upon a grove branch,

the leaves' clock, a persistent latch,

sacring–bell of the sturdy thicket yonder.

Where have you been, mild-voiced bird?

In which distant land? Your coat is made of feathers.'

'I've been stuck like a blind man

for four lifetimes in another world.

I was sick and weak from sleeplessness,

I lost my own sweet voice.

You're standing beneath the green hazels,

by Peter, I don't know who you are.'

'I'm the poet of witty speech,

intent on great love, by Mary's lauded beauty,

who sent you (she did not invite me,

an outlaw from that land) to the sun–bright maid.'

'You eloquent man who's sick with longing,

say the name of the fine Welsh maid with the flowing hair.'

'It would be easy for me (I have a hundred wounds)

to name the girl, I cannot sleep:

S and E and another letter too,

N and A, bring those together.'

'The girl, with hair like droplets of gold,

asked me to greet you beneath the branches of a birch grove.'

'Give me the sign – I've prospered badly,

it's about time, are you a mute? —

of the slender maid (she brings many greetings)

who was gentle, she of pleasant aspect.'

'I was a long time (I know mockery)

on the crest of a grove awaiting a word,

until there came (desolate, haggard world)

thick snow and dark winter.

I went, because of a bleak chill wind,

along with the leaves, wise and worthy author.'

'Where's the sign from that long watch,

winged cuckoo of the leaves?'

'An unkindly woodcock,

mottled red visitor, promised to bring it

when he — alas that he bore a pin of ice! —

was coming here, black [bird] of the dunghill.'

'When did he come, the bare speckled chick?'

'On the Feast of the Cross to the corner of the hedge.'

'He was foolish, he and his evil spear,

that negligent, wicked bird.

I know that a man with a bolt (with all the fury of a blow's force)

killed him beneath the thicket's edge.

Take flight, fair–winged bird,

return once more to my slender darling.

Bring her below the branches of a hazel grove,

alight and spread your wings.

Messenger of love, take Esyllt's garland

(a bright–voiced song), wild blue grey girl.

Give (and fly upon a birch grove)

a letter to the gentle girl of dazzling speech.

Say that I (my darling soul)

am requesting to greet her.

Sound of a clock in a thicket, you won't be sold,

officer of the trees on a long summer day.

You are unknowing, slim grey cuckoo,

and amongst the briars you are neutral.

Fly from a green–branched birch

onto a planted tree beside the mansion.

A pleasant treble, be sure to warn

the fair golden moon in the light of day,

and bring the bare–headed girl with the golden hair

outside to converse, wise gem.

From one great bush to another

I'll follow you there.

Through your power and that of the Virgin,

we'll capture that beautiful, slim, fair–skinned girl.'

Y Gog

2012-05-23T09:35:37Z

Jargogle: Created page with " ==Text== Y Gog 'Dydd da yt, y gog serchogfwyn Ei llais ar ganghenfrig llwyn, Cloc y dail, clicied aelaw, Cloch aberth y drawsberth draw. P'le buost, edn diwednlais? Pa wla..."

==Text==
Y Gog

'Dydd da yt, y gog serchogfwyn

Ei llais ar ganghenfrig llwyn,

Cloc y dail, clicied aelaw,

Cloch aberth y drawsberth draw.

P'le buost, edn diwednlais?

Pa wlad bell? Plu yw dy bais.'

:'Bûm ynglŷn megis dyn dall

Bedeiroes mewn byd arall.

Claf fûm a gwan o anun,

Collais fy harddlais fy hun.

Sefyll dan yr irgyll 'rwyd,

Myn Pedr, ni wn pwy ydwyd.'

'Myfi yw'r bardd digrifair
Mawrserch fryd, myn mawlbryd Mair,
A'th yrrodd, ni'm gwahoddes,
16 Wtla o'r tir, at eiliw'r tes.'

'Henwa, ddyn ffraeth hiraethnych,
Henw'r Gymraes walltlaes wych.'

'Hawdd y medrwn, gwn ganclwyf,
20 Henwi gwen, dihunog wyf:
Es ac Ef a llythr hefyd,
En ac A, dwg hynny i gyd.'

'Erchis gwen, eurchwys ei gwallt,
24 D'annerch dan frig bedwenallt.'

'Moes arwydd — drwg y'm llwyddwyd,
Madws oedd, ai mudes wyd? —
Y ddyn, llawer annerch a ddwg,
28 Fain oedd ŵyl, fwynaidd olwg.'

'Hir y byddwn, gwn gellwair,
Ar frig llwyn yn gorllwyn gair,
Oni ddoeth, byd hagrnoeth hyll,
32 Od tew a gaeaf tywyll.
Euthum gan oerwynt trumnoeth
Gyda'r dail, gwiw awdur doeth.'

'Mae'r arwydd o'r mawr arail,
36 Y gog adeiniog o'r dail?'

'Cyffylog anserchogfwyn,
Coch westai, addawsai'i ddwyn
Pan oedd — och arwain pìn iâ! —
40 Du y dom, yn dywod yma.'

'Pa bryd y doeth, gyw noethfrych?'

'Gŵyl y Grog i gil y gwrych.'

'Ynfyd fu â'i anfad fêr,
44 Ysgeulus edn ysgeler.
Gwn ei ladd, llid ergydnerth,
Gŵr â bollt dan gwr y berth.
Dwg hediad, deg ei hadain,
48 Dos eilwaith at f'anrhaith fain.
Dwg hi dan frig coedwig cyll,
Disgyn dan ledu d'esgyll.
Lateies, dwg gae Esyllt,
52 Loywlais wawd, ferch liwlas wyllt.
Dyro, a hed ar fedwlwyn,
Lythr i'r ferch lathrair fwyn.
Dywaid erchi, f'enaid ferch,
56 Ohonof fi ei hannerch.
Sŵn cloc mewn perth, ni'th werthir,
Swyddoges gwŷdd hafddydd hir.
Anwybod wyd, gog lwydfain,
60 A neawdr wyd yn y drain.
Hed o fedwen ganghenlas
Ar bren plan garbron y plas.
Mwyn o drebl, myn di rybudd
64 I'r eurloer deg ar liw'r dydd,
A dwg wen eurwallt bennoeth
Allan i 'mddiddan, em ddoeth.
O berth i berth anferthol
68 Minnau a ddo' hyd yno'n d'ôl.
Drwy dy nerth di a'r Rhiain,
Dygwn y ferch deg wen fain.'

==Translation==
The Cuckoo

'Good day, cuckoo whose voice is gentle and lovely

upon a grove branch,

the leaves' clock, a persistent latch,

sacring–bell of the sturdy thicket yonder.

Where have you been, mild-voiced bird?

In which distant land? Your coat is made of feathers.'

'I've been stuck like a blind man

for four lifetimes in another world.

I was sick and weak from sleeplessness,

I lost my own sweet voice.

You're standing beneath the green hazels,

by Peter, I don't know who you are.'

'I'm the poet of witty speech,

intent on great love, by Mary's lauded beauty,

who sent you (she did not invite me,

an outlaw from that land) to the sun–bright maid.'

'You eloquent man who's sick with longing,

say the name of the fine Welsh maid with the flowing hair.'

'It would be easy for me (I have a hundred wounds)

to name the girl, I cannot sleep:

S and E and another letter too,

N and A, bring those together.'

'The girl, with hair like droplets of gold,

asked me to greet you beneath the branches of a birch grove.'

'Give me the sign – I've prospered badly,

it's about time, are you a mute? —

of the slender maid (she brings many greetings)

who was gentle, she of pleasant aspect.'

'I was a long time (I know mockery)

on the crest of a grove awaiting a word,

until there came (desolate, haggard world)

thick snow and dark winter.

I went, because of a bleak chill wind,

along with the leaves, wise and worthy author.'

'Where's the sign from that long watch,

winged cuckoo of the leaves?'

'An unkindly woodcock,

mottled red visitor, promised to bring it

when he — alas that he bore a pin of ice! —

was coming here, black [bird] of the dunghill.'

'When did he come, the bare speckled chick?'

'On the Feast of the Cross to the corner of the hedge.'

'He was foolish, he and his evil spear,

that negligent, wicked bird.

I know that a man with a bolt (with all the fury of a blow's force)

killed him beneath the thicket's edge.

Take flight, fair–winged bird,

return once more to my slender darling.

Bring her below the branches of a hazel grove,

alight and spread your wings.

Messenger of love, take Esyllt's garland

(a bright–voiced song), wild blue grey girl.

Give (and fly upon a birch grove)

a letter to the gentle girl of dazzling speech.

Say that I (my darling soul)

am requesting to greet her.

Sound of a clock in a thicket, you won't be sold,

officer of the trees on a long summer day.

You are unknowing, slim grey cuckoo,

and amongst the briars you are neutral.

Fly from a green–branched birch

onto a planted tree beside the mansion.

A pleasant treble, be sure to warn

the fair golden moon in the light of day,

and bring the bare–headed girl with the golden hair

outside to converse, wise gem.

From one great bush to another

I'll follow you there.

Through your power and that of the Virgin,

we'll capture that beautiful, slim, fair–skinned girl.'

Bird

2012-05-23T09:27:31Z

Jargogle:

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Y Gog]] (The Cuckoo) by Dafydd ap Gwilym
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Yr Wylan

2012-05-23T09:23:55Z

Jargogle:

'''Yr Wylan'''(The Gull) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea University. Details regarding the manuscripts can be found at the same website.

==Text==

Yr Wylan

Yr wylan deg ar lanw, dioer,

Unlliw ag eiry neu wenlloer,

Dilwch yw dy degwch di,

Darn fal haul, dyrnfol heli.

Ysgafn ar don eigion wyd,

Esgudfalch edn bysgodfwyd.

Yngo'r aud wrth yr angor

Lawlaw â mi, lili môr.

Llythr unwaith lle'th ariannwyd,

Lleian ym mrig llanw môr wyd.

:Cyweirglod bun, cai'r glod bell,

Cyrch ystum caer a chastell.

Edrych a welych, wylan,

Eigr o liw ar y gaer lân.

Dywaid fy ngeiriau dyun,

Dewised fi, dos hyd fun.

Byddai'i hun, beiddia'i hannerch,

Bydd fedrus wrth fwythus ferch

Er budd; dywaid na byddaf,

Fwynwas coeth, fyw onis caf.

Ei charu'r wyf, gwbl nwyf nawdd,

Och wŷr, erioed ni charawdd

Na Merddin wenithfin iach,

Na Thaliesin ei thlysach.

Siprys dyn giprys dan gopr,

Rhagorbryd rhy gyweirbropr.

:Och wylan, o chai weled

Grudd y ddyn lanaf o Gred,

Oni chaf fwynaf annerch,

Fy nihenydd fydd y ferch.

==Translation==

The Gull

Fair gull on the tide, indeed,

of the same hue as snow or the white moon,

your beauty is without blemish,

a piece like the sun, gauntlet of the brine.

You are light on the ocean wave,

swift proud fish-eating bird.

You'd go close by the anchor

hand-in-hand with me, sea lily.

Just like a letter you are painted silver,

you're a nun on the crest of the sea tide.

Perfect praise of a girl, you are praised afar,

make for the curve of fortress and castle.

Gull, look for one

of the colour of Eigr on the lovely fortress.

Say my ardent words,

may she choose me, go to the girl.

If she's alone, make bold to greet her,

be courteous to the dainty maid

for gain; say I will not live,

noble refined youth, unless I have her.

I love her, strength of complete passion,

oh men, neither Myrddin

with his fine wheaten lips

nor Taliesin ever loved a fairer one.

A sought-after girl [dressed in] fine linen under copper [hair],

exquisite visage perfectly formed.

Ah gull, if you get to see

the cheek of the fairest girl in Christendom,

unless I get a most gentle response

the girl will be the death of me.

Yr Wylan

2012-05-23T09:17:04Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'''Yr Wylan'''(The Gull) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea Univers..."

'''Yr Wylan'''(The Gull) is a poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym. The text and translation is taken from http://www.dafyddapgwilym.net, published by the Welsh Department of Swansea University.

==Text==

Yr Wylan

Yr wylan deg ar lanw, dioer,

Unlliw ag eiry neu wenlloer,

Dilwch yw dy degwch di,

Darn fal haul, dyrnfol heli.

Ysgafn ar don eigion wyd,

Esgudfalch edn bysgodfwyd.

Yngo'r aud wrth yr angor

Lawlaw â mi, lili môr.

Llythr unwaith lle'th ariannwyd,

Lleian ym mrig llanw môr wyd.

:Cyweirglod bun, cai'r glod bell,

Cyrch ystum caer a chastell.

Edrych a welych, wylan,

Eigr o liw ar y gaer lân.

Dywaid fy ngeiriau dyun,

Dewised fi, dos hyd fun.

Byddai'i hun, beiddia'i hannerch,

Bydd fedrus wrth fwythus ferch

Er budd; dywaid na byddaf,

Fwynwas coeth, fyw onis caf.

Ei charu'r wyf, gwbl nwyf nawdd,

Och wŷr, erioed ni charawdd

Na Merddin wenithfin iach,

Na Thaliesin ei thlysach.

Siprys dyn giprys dan gopr,

Rhagorbryd rhy gyweirbropr.

:Och wylan, o chai weled

Grudd y ddyn lanaf o Gred,

Oni chaf fwynaf annerch,

Fy nihenydd fydd y ferch.

==Translation==

The Gull

Fair gull on the tide, indeed,

of the same hue as snow or the white moon,

your beauty is without blemish,

a piece like the sun, gauntlet of the brine.

You are light on the ocean wave,

swift proud fish-eating bird.

You'd go close by the anchor

hand-in-hand with me, sea lily.

Just like a letter you are painted silver,

you're a nun on the crest of the sea tide.

Perfect praise of a girl, you are praised afar,

make for the curve of fortress and castle.

Gull, look for one

of the colour of Eigr on the lovely fortress.

Say my ardent words,

may she choose me, go to the girl.

If she's alone, make bold to greet her,

be courteous to the dainty maid

for gain; say I will not live,

noble refined youth, unless I have her.

I love her, strength of complete passion,

oh men, neither Myrddin

with his fine wheaten lips

nor Taliesin ever loved a fairer one.

A sought-after girl [dressed in] fine linen under copper [hair],

exquisite visage perfectly formed.

Ah gull, if you get to see

the cheek of the fairest girl in Christendom,

unless I get a most gentle response

the girl will be the death of me.

Bird

2012-05-23T09:11:09Z

Jargogle:

Texts 
*[[I have a gentil cok]]
*[[Yr Wylan]] (The Gull) by Dafydd ap Gwilym

Cat

2012-05-23T00:17:47Z

Jargogle: Added Pangur Bán

Terms: 

Texts: 
*[[Pangur Bán]]

Images: 
*[[Domestic cat playing with a mouse]] 
*[[Wildcats in the forest]]
*[[Cat Rescuing Kitten Carved in Stone]]

Pangur Bán

2012-05-23T00:15:16Z

Jargogle: Created page with "An Old Irish poem concerning a cat, written by a monk in the Reichenau Primer. (9th Century). Text and translation printed in ''Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: A Collection of Old-Ir..."

An Old Irish poem concerning a cat, written by a monk in the Reichenau Primer. (9th Century). Text and translation printed in ''Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: A Collection of Old-Irish Glosses Scholia Prose and Verse'' ed. Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903), 293-294.

==Text==

Messe ''ocus'' Pangur Bán • cechtar nathar fria saindan

bíth a menmasam fri seilgg • mu menma céin im saincheirdd.

Caraimse fos ferr cach clú • oc mu lebran leir ingnu

ni foirmtech frimm Pangur Bán • caraid cesin a maccdán.

Orubiam scél cen scís • innar tegdais ar noendís

taithiunn dichrichide clius • ni fristardda''m'' arnáthius.

Gnáth huaraib ar gressaib gal • glenaid luch inna línsam

os mé dufuit im lín chéin • dliged ndoraid cu ndronchéill.

Fuachaidsem fri frega fál • a rosc anglése comlán

fuachim''m'' chein fri fegi fis • mu rosc reil cesu imdis.

Faelidsem cu ndene dul • hinglen luch inna gerchrub

hi tucu cheist nodoraid ndil • os me chene am faelid

Cia beimmi amin nach ré • ni derban cách a chele

maith la cechtar nár a dán • subaigthius a óenurán.

He fesin as choimsid dáu • in muid dungní cach oenláu

du thabairt doraid de glé • for mu mud cein am messe.

==Translation==

I and Pangur Bán, each of us two at his special art:

his mind is at hunting (mice), my own mind is my special craft.

I love to rest - better than any fame - at my booklet with diligent science:

not envious of me is Pangur Bán: he himself loves his childish art.

When we are - tale without tedium - in our house, we two alone,

we have - unlimited (is) feat-sport - something to which to apply our acuteness.

It is customary at times by feats of valour, that a mouse sticks in his net,

and for me there falls into my net a difficult dictum with hard meaning.

His eye, this glancing full one, he points against the wall-fence:

I myself against the keenness of science point my clear eye, though it is very feeble.

He is joyous with speedy going where a mouse sticks in his sharp claw:

I too am joyous, where I understand a difficult dear question.

Though we are thus always, neither hinders the other:

each of us two likes his art, amuses himself alone.

He himself is master of the work which he does every day:

while I am at my own work, (which is) two bring difficulty to clearness.

Bookworm

2012-05-22T23:47:39Z

Jargogle: Created page with "==Text== From Skeats' ''Anglo-Saxon Reader'', rev. C. T. Onions (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933), 167. ''M''oððe word fræt; ''m''ē þæt þūhte ''w''rǣt''t''licu ''w''yrd,..."

==Text==
From Skeats' ''Anglo-Saxon Reader'', rev. C. T. Onions (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933), 167.

''M''oððe word fræt; ''m''ē þæt þūhte

''w''rǣt''t''licu ''w''yrd, þā ic þæt ''w''undor gefrægn,

þæt se ''w''yrm forswealg ''w''era gied''d'' sumes,

þēof in ''þ''ȳstro ''þ''rym''m''fæstne cwide

and þæs ''st''rangan ''sta''þol: ''st''ælgiest ne wæs

''w''ihte þȳ glēawra þe hē þām ''w''ordum swealg.

==Translation==

From ''The Anglo-Saxon World'', tr. Kevin Crossley-Holland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 247.

A moth devoured words. When I heard

of that wonder it sruck me as a strange event

that a worm should swallow the song of some man,

a thief gorge in the darkness on a great man's

speech of distinction. The thievish stranger

was not a whit the wiser for swallowing words.

I have a gentil cok

2012-05-22T23:18:05Z

Jargogle: formatting

Lyric from MS. London BL Sloane 2593

I have a gentil cok,

:crowëth me the day;

He doth me risen erly,

:my matins for to say.

I have a gentil cok,

:comen he is of gret;

His comb is of red corel,

:his tayil is of jet.

I have a gentil cok,

:comen he is of kinde;

His comb is red corel,

:his tayil is of inde.

His leggës ben of asur,

:so gentil and so smale;

His spurës arn of sylver white

:into the wortëwale.

His eyen arn of cristal,

:loken al in aumber;

And every night he perchëth him

:in myn ladies chaumber.

''Medieval English Lyrics 1200-1400'', ed. Thomas G. Duncan (Harmonsdworth: Penguin Books, 1995), 168-169.

Charm against rats

2012-05-22T23:14:43Z

Jargogle: Created page with "'I comawnde alle þe ratones þat are here abowte' is a charm from Bodleian MS Rawlinson C. 288, f. 113, in what Sisam describes as "15th-century writing, blurred". The text is f..."

'I comawnde alle þe ratones þat are here abowte' is a charm from Bodleian MS Rawlinson C. 288, f. 113, in what Sisam describes as "15th-century writing, blurred". The text is from ''Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose'', ed. Kenneth Sisam (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955, repr. 1962), 170; an earlier printed version appears in ''Political, Religious, and Love Poems'' edited by E. D. J Funnivall (Early English Text Society, 1866, repr. 1903), 43.

==Text==

I comawnde alle þe ratones þat are here abowte,

þat non dwelle in þis place, withinne ne withowte,

Thorgh þe vertu of Iesu Crist, þat Mary bare abowte

þat alle creatures owyn for to lowte,

And thorgh þe vertu of Mark, Mathew, Luke, and Ion, -

Alle foure Awangelys corden corden into on, -

Thorgh þe vertu of Sent Geretrude, þat mayde clene,

:: God graunte þat grace

:: þat <non> raton dwelle in þe place

þat here namis were nemeled in;

And thorgh þe vertu of Sent Kasi.

þat holy man, þat prayed to God Almyty

:: For skathes þat þei deden

:: Hys medyn

Be dayes and be nyȝt,

God bad hem flen and gon out of euery manesse syȝt.

''Dominus Deus Saboat!'' Emanuel, þe gret Godes name!

I betweche þes place from ratones and from alle oþer schame.

God saue þis place fro all oþer wykked wytes,

Boþe be dayes and be nytes! ''et in nomine Patris et Filii,'' &c.

==Notes==
skathes] t ''altered'' from f (?) in the MS [Sisam]

St. Gertrude of Nivelles, like St. Kakukilla, was invoked against rats.

St Kasi; does not appear elsewhere in Middle English texts; since St. Nicasius of Rheims is invokeds against rats and mice elsewhere in Europe, this saint has been suggested. See Bruce Dickens and R. M. Wilson, 'Sent Kasi', ''Leeds Studies in English and Kindred Languages'' 6 (1937): 67-73.

I have a gentil cok

2012-05-22T13:59:42Z

Jargogle: Created page with "Lyric from MS. London BL Sloane 2593 I have a gentil cok, crowëth me the day; He doth me risen erly, my matins for to say. I have a gentil cok, comen he is of gret; His comb i..."

Lyric from MS. London BL Sloane 2593

I have a gentil cok,
crowëth me the day;
He doth me risen erly,
my matins for to say.

I have a gentil cok,
comen he is of gret;
His comb is of red corel,
his tayil is of jet.

I have a gentil cok,
comen he is of kinde;
His comb is red corel,
his tayil is of inde.

His leggës ben of asur,
so gentil and so smale;
His spurës arn of sylver white
into the wortëwale.

His eyen arn of cristal,
loken al in aumber;
And every night he perchëth him
in myn ladies chaumber.

''Medieval English Lyrics 1200-1400'', ed. Thomas G. Duncan (Harmonsdworth: Penguin Books, 1995),
168-169.

Bird

2012-05-22T13:53:05Z

Jargogle: Created page with "I have a gentil cok"

[[I have a gentil cok]]

Animals

2012-05-22T13:52:36Z

Jargogle:

[[Aurochs]] 
[[Beetle, a.k.a. Inger]] 
[[Bear]] 
[[Bird]] 
[[Pig]] 
[[Boar]] 
[[Cat]] 
[[Snake]]

Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet

2012-05-22T13:41:20Z

Jargogle: adding categories

The Vatican manuscript of ''Le Viandier'' contains a description of an 'entertainment' dish (an ''entremets'') of a helmeted cock mounted on a piglet.

''Coqz heaumez. Mettez cochons rostir, et poulaille comme coqz et vielles poulles, et quant le cochon sera rosty d’une part et la poulaille d’autre convient farsir la poullaille – sans escorcher, qui veult; et la convient farsir de paste batue aux oeuf; et quant ell’est doree la convient mettre a chevauchons sur le cochon, et fault ung heaume de papier collé et une lance fichié a la poittrine de la dicte poullaille, et les fault couvrir de fueil d’or ou d’argent pour les seigneurs, ou de feul d’estain blanc, vermeil ou vert.'' (''The Viandier of Taillevent'', ed. Terence Scully (University of Ottawa Press, 1998), 250)

For more on ''entremets'', see Terence Scully, ''The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages'' (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), 107-110.

[[category:recipe]]
[[category:14th century]]

Animalwiki:txt re t1 r2p2

2012-05-22T13:39:38Z

Jargogle: Replaced content with "Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet"

[[Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet]]

Animalwiki:txt re t1 r2p2

2012-05-22T13:39:15Z

Jargogle:

[[Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet]]

The Vatican manuscript of ''La Viandier'' contains a description of an 'entertainment' dish (an ''entremets'') of a helmeted cock mounted on a piglet.

''Coqz heaumez. Mettez cochons rostir, et poulaille comme coqz et vielles poulles, et quant le cochon sera rosty d’une part et la poulaille d’autre convient farsir la poullaille – sans escorcher, qui veult; et la convient farsir de paste batue aux oeuf; et quant ell’est doree la convient mettre a chevauchons sur le cochon, et fault ung heaume de papier collé et une lance fichié a la poittrine de la dicte poullaille, et les fault couvrir de fueil d’or ou d’argent pour les seigneurs, ou de feul d’estain blanc, vermeil ou vert.'' (''The Viandier of Taillevent'', ed. Terence Scully (University of Ottawa Press, 1998), 250)

For more on ''entremets'', see Terence Scully, ''The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages'' (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), 107-110.

Beetle, a.k.a. Inger

2012-05-22T13:35:30Z

Jargogle: Created page with "==Churchman Passing Judgment on Ingers== "In explaining the reasons for the visitations of insect pests," writes Weiss ('The Criminal Prosecution of Insects',''Journal of the Ne..."

==Churchman Passing Judgment on Ingers==

"In explaining the reasons for the visitations of insect pests," writes Weiss ('The Criminal Prosecution of Insects',''Journal of the New York Entomological Society'' 45. 2 (1937): 251-258 (251)), "the Church sometimes said that they were sent by Satan, and at other times by God for the punishment of man’s sins. In either case, relief was to be had only through the action of the Church.” For example:

''Du vnvernünfftige vnvollkommne Creatur mit nammen Inger vnd nenne dich darumb vnvollkommen dann deines geschlechts ist nit geseyn in der Arch Noe in der Zeit der vergifftung vng plag des Wassergusses. Nun hast du mit deinem anhang grossen schaden gethan im Erdtrich vnd auff dem Erdtrich ein mercklichen abbruch zeitlicher nahrung der Menschen vnd vnvernüfftigen thiere. Vnd von des nun sömlicher und dergleichen durch euch vnd euweren anhang nit mehr beshäch so hat mir mein gnädiger Herr vnd Bischoff zu Losann gebotten in seinem nammen euch zeermannen zeweichen vnd abzestahn. Vnd also von seiner Gnaden gebotts wegen vnd auch in seinem nammen als obstaht vnd bey krafft vnd verdienen des Menschen-geschlechts Erlösers vnsers behalters Jesu Christi vnd bey krafft vnd gehorsamkeit der heiligen Kirchen gebieten vnd ermannen ich euch in 6. Nächsten tagen zeweichen all vnd jegliche besonders auss allen Matten Ackeren Gärten Feldern Weiden Bäumen Krüteren vnd von allen örteren an denen wachsend vnd entspringend nahrungen der Menschen vnd der Thieren vnd an die ort vnd stätt euch fügend dass ihr mit ewerem anhang nimmer kein schaden vollbringen mögen den früchten vnd nahrungen der Menschen vnd Thieren Heimlich noch offentlich. Were aber sach dass ihr dieser ermannungen vnd gebott nit nachgiengend oder nachfolgeten vnd meinten vrsach haben das nit zeerfüllen so ermannen ich euch alsvor vnd laden vnd citieren euch bey krafft vnd gehorsamkeit der heiligen Kirchen am 6. Tag nach diser execution so es eins schlecht nach mitten tag gen Wifflispurg euch zu verantworten oder durch eweren Fürsprechen antwort zu geben vor meinem gnädigen Herren von Losann oder seinem Vicario vnd statthaltern vnd wird drauff mein gnädiger Herr von Losann oder sein statthalter fürer nach ordnungen des rechten wider euch mit verflüchen vnd beschweerungen handeln alss sich dann in solchem gebürt nach form vnd gestalt des rechten. Lieben Kind ich begären von ewerem jeglichen zu batten mit andacht auff ewerem knyen 4 Paternoster vnd Ave Maria, der hochen heiligen Dreyfaltigkeit zu lob vnd her anzerüffen vnd zebitten ihr gnad vnd hilff zesenden damit die Inger vertiben werdind.'' (Quoted in E. P. Evans, ''The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals'' (London: Heinemann, 1906), 309-310)

Animals

2012-05-22T13:30:34Z

Jargogle:

[[Aurochs]] 
[[Beetle, a.k.a. Inger]] 
[[Bear]] 
[[Pig]] 
[[Boar]] 
[[Cat]] 
[[Snake]]

Cat Rescuing Kitten Carved in Stone

2012-05-22T13:28:09Z

Jargogle: Created page with "Cat Rescuing Kitten Carved in Stone F. Edward Hulme's ''The Town, College, and Neighbourhood of Marlborough'' (London: Stanford, 1881), contains the following entry (p. 24):..."

[[Cat Rescuing Kitten Carved in Stone]]

F. Edward Hulme's ''The Town, College, and Neighbourhood of Marlborough'' (London: Stanford, 1881), contains the following entry (p. 24):

"Over the southern porch of St. Mary’s church [in Marlborough, Wiltshire] is a rude carving, scarcely now discernible, but which is said to represent a cat with a kitten in its mouth. The local legend is to the effect that, during the fire that consumed the church, a cat who had domesticated herself in the tower, brought down one by one her young ones, and each time with increasing danger from the advancing flames, until at length she fell a victim to her maternal devotion, and lost her life, but gained, in the new-built church, this monument to her memory. The old carvers show so often so complete a sympathy to their works that we hesitate to consign Pussy to the region of myths, but would rather think the story true from beginning to end, and that the brave devotion of the little mother touched a chord in some true human heart and earned her this memorial.”

Cat

2012-05-22T13:26:38Z

Jargogle: adding interlink

Terms: 
Images: 
*[[Domestic cat playing with a mouse]] 
*[[Wildcats in the forest]]
*[[Cat Rescuing Kitten Carved in Stone]]

Animalwiki:txt ot t1 r1p2

2012-05-22T13:24:19Z

Jargogle: Caladrius

==Caladrius==

A pure white bird who was deemed able to determine, by turning its head, whether a man would recover from mortal sickness. From the Aberdeen Bestiary (Aberdeen University Library MS 24), c. 1200:

''Caladrius sicut dicit Phisiologus totus est albus nullam partem habens nigram. Cuius interior fimus oculorum caliginem curat. Hic in atriis regum invenitur. Siquis est in egritudine ex hoc caladrio cognoscitur, si vivat an moriatur. Si ergo est infirmitas hominis ad mortem, mox ut vi derit infirmum avertit faciem suam ab eo et omnes cognoscunt quia moriturus est. Si autem infirmitas eius pertinuerit ad vitam, intendit in faciem et assumit omnem egritudinem hominis intra se, et volat in aera contra solem, et comburit infirmitatem eius et dispergit eam, et sanatur infirmus.''(The bird called caladrius, as Physiologus tells us, is white all over; it has no black parts. Its excrement cures cataract in the eyes. It is to be found in royal residences. If anyone is sick, he will learn from the caladrius if he is to live or die. If, therefore, a man’s illness is fatal, the caladrius will turn its head away from the sick man as soon as it sees him, and everyone knows the man is going to die. But if the man’s sickness is one from which he will recover, the bird looks him in the face and takes the entire illness upon itself; it flies up into the air, towards the sun, burns off the sickness and scatters it, and the sick man is cured)

The same entry provides an elucidation:

''Caladrius habet personam salvatoris nostri. Totus est candidus dominus noster nullam habens nigredinem, qui peccatum non fecit nec inventus est dolus in ore eius. Veniens autem dominus de excelsis avertit faciem suam a Judeis propter incredulitatem illorum, et convertit se ad nos gentes tollens infirmitates nostras, et peccata nostra portans, exaltatus in lignum crucis et ascendens in altum captivam duxit captivitatem dedit dona hominibus. Sed et cotidie predictus caladrius infirmitates nostras visitat, mentem per confessionem considerat, et eos sanat, quibus gratiam penitendi prestat. Ab illis vero faciem avertit, quorum cor impenitens novit. Istos respuit, sed illos in quos faciem intendit, sanos reddit.'' (The caladrius represents our Saviour. Our Lord is pure white without a trace of black, ‘who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth’. The Lord, moreover, coming from on high, turned his face from the Jews, because they did not believe, and turned to us, Gentiles, taking away our weakness and carrying our sins; raised up on the wood of the cross and ascending on high, ‘he led captivity captive and gave gifts unto men’. Each day Christ, like the caladrius, attends us in our sickness, examines our mind when we confess, and heals those to whom he shows the grace of repentance. But he turns his face away from those whose heart he knows to be unrepentant. These he casts off; but those whom he turns his face, he makes whole again.)

For a discussion of other entries in English bestiaries, and the theme of anti-Semitism, see Debra Higgs Strickland, 'The Jews, Leviticus, and the Unclean in Medieval English Bestiaries', in ''Beyond the Yellow Badge: Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism in Medieval and Early Modern Visual Culture'', ed. Mitchell B. Merback (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 203-232 (206-209). For the Aberdeen Bestiary, see http://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/translat/56v.hti.

Animalwiki:txt re t1 r2p2

2012-05-22T13:18:10Z

Jargogle: Created page with "==Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet== The Vatican manuscript of ''La Viandier'' contains a description of an 'entertainment' dish (an ''entremets'') of a helmeted cock mounted o..."

==Helmeted Cock Mounted on a Piglet==

The Vatican manuscript of ''La Viandier'' contains a description of an 'entertainment' dish (an ''entremets'') of a helmeted cock mounted on a piglet.

''Coqz heaumez. Mettez cochons rostir, et poulaille comme coqz et vielles poulles, et quant le cochon sera rosty d’une part et la poulaille d’autre convient farsir la poullaille – sans escorcher, qui veult; et la convient farsir de paste batue aux oeuf; et quant ell’est doree la convient mettre a chevauchons sur le cochon, et fault ung heaume de papier collé et une lance fichié a la poittrine de la dicte poullaille, et les fault couvrir de fueil d’or ou d’argent pour les seigneurs, ou de feul d’estain blanc, vermeil ou vert.'' (''The Viandier of Taillevent'', ed. Terence Scully (University of Ottawa Press, 1998), 250)

For more on ''entremets'', see Terence Scully, ''The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages'' (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), 107-110.

Aeldred of Rievaulx

2012-05-22T13:07:07Z

Jargogle:

Aelred of Rievaulx, De Bello Standardi. When the fragility of their scottish [sic] lances had been mocked by the solidity of iron and wood, they tried to content face to face with their swords drawn. But the southern gadflies, boiling up out of the hollow quivers and flying around like heavy rain, violently attacked the breasts, faces, and eyes of every one in their way, greatly hindering their effort. You might see a Galwegian stuck all around by arrows like the spines of a hedgehog, but shaking his sword nonetheless, now rushing forward to slaughter the enemy as if in a blind madness, now beating the empty air with futile blows. At last, completely terrified, they melted away in flight. Then the illustrious youth, the king's son, coming forward with his own line, hurled himself against the wing opposite him with the savagery of a lion, and when he had broken the part of the southern throng like a spider's web, he went ahead of the king's ensign to kill everyone in his way.[1] 

[1] Aelred of Rievaulx: The Historical Works, tr. Jane Patricia Freeland (Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 2005), 266. The Latin appears in PL 195, 710-711. Ubi vero ferri lignique soliditate Scoticarum lancerum est delusa fragilitas, eductis gladiis cominus decertare tentabant. Sed australes muscæ de cavernis pharetrarum ebullientes, et instar denissimæ pluviæ convolantes, et in obstantium pectora, vultum, oculos quoque importunius irruentes, conatum illorum plurimum retardabant. Videres ut hericium spinis ita Galwensem sagittis undique circumseptum, nihilominus vibrare gladium, et cæca quadam amentia proruentem nunc hostem cædere, nunc inanem aerem cassis ictibus verberare. Et jamjam percussi pavore extremi quique dissolvebantur in fugam, cum inclytus adolescens filius regis cum sua superveniens acie in adversum sibi cornu leonina se ferocitate proripuit, ipsaque globi australis parte instar cassis araneæ dissipata, obstantes quosque cædendo ultra regium signum progressus est, ratusque reliquum exercitum secutum iri, et hostibus fugæ præsidium toleret, equorum stationem invasit, dispersit, ac retro usque ad duo stadia redire coegit.

 Aelred of Rievaulx (1110-1167) concerning the Battle of the Standard (1138), in which William of Aumale halted David I of Scotland’s advance into ‘Anglo-Norman’ England. As with the Genealogia regum Anglorum, it was composed around 1153-1154, at the closing of the Anarchy, prior to the death of King Stephen, for his successor Henry of Anjou. Both texts articulate a desire for a peaceful and just ruler (while, in the case of DBS, charting the deeds of Walter Espec, the patron of Rievaulx Abbey). * * * The spider’s web I can think of no comparisons – Bruce’s spider is a Walterscottism. Am curious to see if there are any other motifs. The rest are quite common, albeit not so close to each other in a single text. Regarding the hedgehog/arrows comparison, this appears in Abbo of Fleury’s Vita s. Edmundi: The palace is surrounded, Edmund stands before Inguar as Christ before Pilate. After being mocked and beaten, he is tied to a tree and lashed. Following this he is used as target-practice with arrows until he looks like a hedgehog.[1] There is also this dream of a deacon in one of the lives of Becket, though without arrows; it is an embellishment of Isaiah 34. The king of England was hunting in Wabridge forest with all his archbishops, bishops, barons, nobles, priors and abbots, when a hedgehog sprang out in front of them, roused by the clamour of the hunters. When they saw it they all began to chase it, harrying it with shouts and mockery. But the hedgehog outran the throng and hastened to the sea, not in a straight line but in a more winding path, carrying on his back the book entitled The Acts of the Apostles. None of those who followed was without a bodily flaw, but seemed either blind, one-eyed or lame, or to have mutilated lips or nose. And when eventually the hedgehog came back to the sea, it plunged and it did not emerge again. Seeing this, those who had been in pursuit turned back. And behold a thick dark cloud arose and covered the face of the earth, and a shower of blood fell. The king then turned aside to the royal hall set up in that place, and he sat in it, after he had put on a long white robe of linen, and placed around his head wolves’ tails as a garland. But the blood did not cease from spilling down upon him, because the house, being in a deserted place, did not have a waterproof roof, and through the wolves’ tails hanging down it flowed into his garment. And when it had filled his garment and its winding folds, it began to flow out, and as it overflowed it filled even his mouth.[2]

But I think in the De bello standardii it’s a purely visual image, rather than any religious connotation, since the audience (Henry) is meant to feel no sympathy for the Galwegians; rather, the Scottish David, whom Aelred was highly sympathetic to (owing to a ten year court service, and apparent in his eulogy Vita Davidis Scotorum regis, which is typically attached to Genealogia regum Anglorum) receives criticism from Aelred for employing soldiers responsible for massacres, murders, rapes, etc etc. The lion is widespread symbol of kingship. There is a very interesting article on a piece of church sculptor including Samson overcoming the lion that was made during the German Investiture contest, which presents itself a symbol of the Church overcoming and controlling the kings.[3]And there is the famous and much discussed scene of the Cid taming an escaped lion, while the useless Infantes cower away.[4]But since DBS is a product of the Normans, a brief look at them is suffice. They were clearly taken by the image. There is of course Henry I’s use of the lion image, and the belief in propagated in Henry II’s court that the Conqueror conquered England under the banner of golden lions.[5] In an earlier case of Norman history writing, in Dudo’s Historia Normannorum (c. 1015-1030), the Viking Hasting is described as such in his frenzied attacks on the Franks in the 9th century, in a comparison that compares his behaviour to a wolf and a lion.[6] In comparison, William of Jumièges Gesta Normannorum Ducum (prior to 1060) uses the wolf/lion comparison more sharply. The pagan Rollo and his son William get baptised: Rollo, who keeps his pagan ways, “emerges from the font “a ravening wolf” [et exit rapacissmus lupis]” and so “attracts lupine allusions” as his “pagan pack steals into the sheepfold of Christ, burning down churches, leading women captive, slaughtering the people” – the “twilight wolves (lupi vespere) of Zephaniah 3.3 – while Rollo’s Christian son William Longsword is introduced as a lion.[7] During the Crusades, there’s a ‘Frankinization’ of the armed pilgrims in the Frank-orientated sources.[8]So there is Godfrey, who in battle becomes like a lion,[9]and similarly, Bohemond.[10] 

[1] Quoted in Marco Mostert, The Political Theology of Abbo of Fleury (Hilversum: Verloren, 1987), 42. I haven’t located the PL 139.

[2] Michael Staunton, Thomas Becket and his Biographers (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006) 164. The Latin is in Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, vol. 1, 41-42. The online version has recently been taken down.

[3] "Finally, there is the representation of Samson rending the lion (fig. 5, upper panel), which is unrelated to the main cycle and yet summarizes its message. The meaning of this scene has been clarified by Tosco, who traced exegetical sources from Isidore of Seville in the seventh century to the Glossa Ordinaria in the twelfth, and showed that the submission of the lion to Samson was often understood symbolically as the submission of the kings of the earth to the Church". Anat Tcherikover, 'Reflections of the Investiture Controversy at Nonantola and Modena, Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte, 60. 2 (1997), 158

[4] Paul R. Olson, ‘Symbolic Hierarchy in the Lion Episode of the Cantar de Mio Cid,’ MLN 77. 5 (1962): 499-511. David Hook, ‘Some Observations upon the Episode of the Cid’s Lion,’ MLR 71. 3 (1976): 553-564. E. Michael Gerli, ‘The Ordo Commendationis Animae and the Cid Poet,’ MLN 95. 2 (1980): 436-441.

[5] For a brief discussion, see David Crouch, The Normans: The History of a Dynasty (London: Hambledon, 2007), 291.

[6] “Round the walls of strongholds, he roars as the wolf round the folds of the sheep. He scorns the Franks, fearfully withdrawn behind their fortifications. He persecutes all men, as the lion the deer.” Dudo of St. Quentin, History of the Normans, tr. Eric Christiansen (Boydell: Woodbridge, 1998) 17.

[7] All this is from Emily Albu, The Normans in their Histories: Propaganda, Myth and Subversion (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2001), 63-64.

[8] C.f. Plumtree’s Budapest MA thesis, featuring lions (briefly).

[9] “Godfrey was handsome, of lordly bearing, eloquent, of distinguished character, and so lenient with his soldiers as to give the impression of being a monk rather than a soldier. However when he realised that his enemy was at hand and battle imminent, his courage became abundantly evident and like a roaring lion he feared the attack of no man. What breastplate or shield could withstand the thrust of his sword?” Carol Sweetenham, Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade: Historia Iherosolimitana (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), 84. Godefrido, qui erat Eustachii Boloniensis comitis filius, sed officio dignitatis dux erat Teuthonicus. Hic vultu elegans, statura procerus, dulcis eloquio, moribus egregious, et in tantum militibus lenis, ut magis in se monachum quam militem figuraret. Hic tamen quum hostem sentiebat adesse et imminere prælium, tunc audaci mente concipiebat animum, et, quasi leo frendens, ad nullius pavebat occursum. Et quæ lorica vel clypeus sustinere poterat impetum mucronis illius? Recuil des Historiens des Croisades: Historiens Occidentaux 3 (Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1886), 731-732.

[10] Fuit itaque ille, undique signo crucis munitus, qualiter leo perpessus famem per tres aut quatuor dies, qui exiens a suis cauernis, rugiens ac sitiens sanguinem pecudum sicut improuide ruit inter agmina gregum, dilanians oues fugientes huc et illuc; ita agebat iste inter agmina Turcorum. Rosalind Hill, Gesta Francorum: Deeds of the Franks and Other Pilgrims to Jerusalem (1962; reprint, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 36.